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Isn't the explorer a contemporary individual's surname ?

No, I now know who they are now, although I had never heard of them, but the reference in 17d is (a) two words and (b) essential to the clue, so this is not the definition I am seeking. Without giving a lot away it is impossible to be more specific. I would like to know where the definition of this example of the second set is located.

I have just realised no is the answer to my question !

Foinaven. If I have the clue correct, I found the link in Wikipedia (along with a cocktail a a few businesses of varying levels of interest!). That led me back to the 'Shade in Cairo...' clue.

Andyp and lumen, Chambers reveals (wholly new to me!) that a word for a prosaic terrestrial vehicle is also used for an important part of a space exploration craft.

In each of the other three answers of the second type, the definition is given as a single word in another clue. This word is redundant in the sense that you can remove it and the clue then makes perfect sense, with a definition and wordplay.

In this case, the thematic answer is part in the clue you mention, but it is not a single word and it is not redundant. That is my issue. If there is no consistency in the way in which the definitions work, I think this is a weakness.

I take your point Foinaven and I did think that the locations of the definitions were a bit hmmm but, if I remember correctly, these were flagged as being 'elsewhere' which is pretty broad.
I don't imagine anyone found the definitions and used them to work out the solutions, more a case of solve the clues then hunt for a definition to confirm the solution. Almost a separate puzzle in itself and not necessary to complete for submission. (Some of them were quite integrated in clues rather than being obviously surplus).

I've filled the other quadrants but not doing well in SE. Can someone get me going with steers for 38a and or 34d. Thanks

I know it's arguing over the details - but the numbers of words of the definitions for the second set are (in my mind, and in clue order of answers rather than definitions): 1, 2, 1, 3.

I think all four need the definition word/words to remain in place to make the native clue still work properly [ie unambiguously and with good crossword grammar].