Mdmaylwin, I suspect some setters do raise the bar knowing solving aids are readily available, but such aids should not be essential to complete a puzzle. I'm pretty sure that the Listner edittors solve the puzzles without aids in order to satisfy themselves that the puzzles are solvable without aids.
I do not regard the use of aids, even sophisticated ones, as cheating (though it's more satisfying to manage without). Most setters use computer programs to compile their puzzles. As someone years ago said on another forum, "The day setters stop using computer programs to compile tough puzzles, I'll consider abandoning computer aids."
As for the Internet, the Listener is supposed to be solvable without the Internet, and I know of puzzles that have been rejected because they could not be verified by printed sources. In this puzzle all the thematic material in the grid is fully checked. With an Irish name for the character and a Catholic-sounding statement in ring three, it might not be too hard to scan a list of Irish authors in some literary reference to find the one that has those consonants. My guess is that the asterisks were required by the editors so that the puzzle could, in principle, be solved without searching the Internet.