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Lumen - 40A is an “affected entry”. It’s definition is the one mottram referenced at #30.

A neat puzzle, though some of the examples of the theme are not particularly well evidenced when I search for them, eg the 2 most north-eastern ones.

GW. If you tap "******* database" into Google you will find a list of 600+ examples at the top link and I think all of these are listed there

(where ******* is the thematic word)

I read the preamble and guessed the thematic word from the heavy hint, checked it was not in Chambers and felt really smug.
Looked for obvious extra letters and a phrase leapt out - even smugger.
Within an hour I had most of the extra letter clues solved, the thematic word identified in the grid and quite a few of the extra words identified.
Too easy?
Two days later after several hours work I have a full grid but still cannot identify two pre modification answers.
Not so smug now…..
Good puzzle. Thanks Vagans.

I also found this pretty tough, took me a while to figure out the trick.

Loose end for me is 32d. Saw the earlier hint but it hasn't helped. Any further hints gratefully received.

Smellyharry, you need the initial letters of an organisation known for singing 'Jerusalem', + 2 more abbreviations.

Just solved my last pre-modification clue. I think it a tad unfair as the only references I can find on the web include a 3 letter word for a male person added at the end of the pre and post modification forms.
Those still struggling with the last few modifications might find googling the phrase “[thematic word] database” useful.

Thanks Mattrom. Yes, came to me lying in bed last night. Wasn't aware that that org was known for singing that song.

Thanks Mattrom. Yes, came to me lying in bed last night. Wasn't aware that that org was known for singing that song.

Slightly concerned that the reference site listed by replies above specifically states that what I have for 40a is NOT an *******. Anyone else got a view on this?