Hi Roof,
It's been a fairly miserable day here in London also:-(
26a - I think you might have gone a bit wrong - the definition is "issue" as a verb as in 'send out a signal'
Surface Reading
The surface reading (also called surface meaning, or simply surface) of a clue is its external meaning - what the clue conveys when you read it as a straight sentence/phrase.
Take the word CHAIR, and look at three different clues for it.
Piece of furniture one in daily (5)
Burn around one piece of furniture (5)
Cleaning-lady holds a position of authority (5)
All three break the word up as CHA{I}R.
The wordplay is identical, but what of the surfaces?
Forget for a moment that these are cryptic clues, just read them literally. You'll see that clue (1) is nonsensical, clue (2) has a grammatically correct surface but is semantically weak (what does it mean to "burn around one piece of furniture"?). Clue (3) is the most plausible of the lot.
A good surface will be meaningful, often intriguing or witty. The kind of phrase that you're likely to come across in conversation, writing or thought. A good surface will also try to direct your attention away from the cryptic meaning of the clue.
13d - Anagram/"doddery" of "mother around/"carried by" a 3 letter "whistler" as might be in a sports game? - definition is a word meaning "of that place" that you've probably never used but will still know.
Apologies for plagiarising but I've copied and pasted this section on "surface reading":-