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about halfway through ... I am taking it that the substitutions are all made in groups of two - all mine are so far but would be grateful if anyone finds a need to substitute single letters. A number of the answers I want to fit (eg 4 and 8) are the definitions, not the altered word - and this cannot be right according to the instructions ...

Hi prospero, I found all the substitutions to be 2 consecutive letters in each case.
I don't understand your query. Wordplay gives words that require a substitution to arrive at synonyms of the definitions which are the entries.

All subs are 2 letters for 2 letters. This is the third puzzle in the past year or two trading on this particular area of knowledge- fortunately I have a T shirt bearing the required information.

Last one, I can’t parse. 14d) . I Presume the solution means it prevents. I can’t get a 2 letter substitution to give the answer I have.Any hints? Thanks

Jadzia, I think it's DE + 'in' in the sense of 'now', with the first two letters swapped

Thank you so much Mattrom. That makes sense now.

Aha! I had misread the clue (which, reading it again, seems easy to do) to mean that the wordplay result was the solution to be entered. Otherwise, you could just enter synonyms for the definition without working out what the wordplay led to. But I' see now i was wrong - easy when you know how ...

15a Spin doctor has therapy to gain special honours (8) R?????T?

23a Money to hoard (5) A?A?T

15a i now have R?S?E?T? so looking like respects ...ect being the therapy...but can't see the rest ?

got it now ...spin > insp !