JackAubrey, thanks - and it's been quite entertaining really! I have managed to tie myself up in knots in some puzzles, I've managed to miss some blindingly obvious themes in some puzzles, I've gone down the wrong path in some puzzles - it's comforting to learn that I'm not the only one who can make life difficult!
Bobby, the 'article' is a single letter, the 'recording' is 2 letters, a round shiny thing, an abbreviation (though we all use it as a word). The 'state' is a verb, slightly formal (and often appears in crosswords). The last word of the clue is the definition.