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Means a deviation from the norm (8)

double def.

Faiton - thank you that’s very kind.

For example it is reported that the Scottish protector finds a road in London but not in Paris (8)

scottish protector = st andrew

a road in London = a rd
a road in Paris = rue

Regular and inside fourth celestial body

From the depths of grist and ardour, there is colour.(8)

Diminutive Duke, assailed by flurry of arrows, takes stock (8)

Just in case...

Diminutive Duke = (h)and
Flurry of arrows = anagram of darts

Quality of dart throwing, in the genes, maybe? (8)

The 'Home of Golf' (short course), is difficult to a degree (8)

St Andrews golf course is considered the Home of Golf.

St And(rews) short course - there is a 9 hole course there.
Difficult to a degree = (h)ard + def

Stand and deliver! Republican for new flag.