..and yours, rossim. I'm not saying that Caesarian as applied to Caesars is wrong; it's that the C-Section is always (pace[/] jazzy's undecided link) always spelled CAESAREAN.
ChrisE, Dictionary.com refers to 'CaesarIan' as 'pertaining to
Caesar', and so does an old bilingual encyclopédia.
On the other hand, in French the two meaning have the same
spelling (Césarienne), be it the epoch or the operation.